Installing OS

In installing OS, the actions are as follows,

You MUST have an installer..
Know the System Requirements.
Configure BIOS
Install ..

And lastly ENJOY !!

Computer System Unit Components

Here are some :

Motherboard - a printed circuit board containing the principal components of a computer or other devices.
Power Box- electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load.
RAM- "Random Access Memory"
Processor
Hard Disk
SATA Cables
Fan


ETC...

Basic Computer Hardware Troubleshooting

First, the very IMPORTANT thing.....

CHECK THE POWER SUPPLY.. !!

Then, make sure that all hardware are properly connected.
Reboot your computer.
Check the device manager.
Check if all devices or hardware are not broken or damaged.
Test the electrical outlet.


You must do this on some errors like THE BLUE SCREEN OF DEATH ..

Computer Generations

There are 5 :

1st Generation – Vacuum Tubes
2nd Generation – Transistor
3rd Generation – Integrated Circuit
4th Generation – Microprocessor
5th Generation – AI or Artificial Intelligence.

Machine Cycle

It is also called processor cycle. It is the basic operation performed by the main logic unit of the computer which is the CPU.

The machine cycle has 3 steps :

1. Fetch
2. Decode
3. Execute
There is another step which is "Store".





Networking

Network - is a group of two or more computer systems linked together.
Packet - is the unit of data that is routed on a network.

There are different types of network :
Some are WAN, MAN, LAN, WLAN ,etc.


In data representation, data are represented as electromagnetic signals such as an electrical voltage, radiowave, etc.

Conversion

Actually, conversion on BIN/DEC/HEX.

BINARY – DECIMAL [Positional Notation]
DECIMAL – BINARY [Division by Two with Remainder]

BINARY- HEXADECIMAL [4 bits = 1 hex digit]
HEXADECIMAL – BINARY [1 hex digit = 4 bits]

DECIMAL – HEXADECIMAL [Dec-Bin-Hex][ /16 ]
HEXADECIMAL – DECIMAL [Hex-Bin-Dec] [Place Values]

Binary

Binary means "composed of two parts".
A binary number is a representation for numbers using only two digits (0 and 1)
It is also called "base-2"

Binary

Data Representation

First..

SOURCES of Data :

1.Original
2.Previously stored

Digitizing is taking data and convert it into BINARY form for the computer to understand.

Somethings for storing BINARY data :
-Optical
-Electronic
-Magnetic

Bit is the smallest unit of data that a computer uses.
4 Bits = 1 nibble
8 bits = 1 byte
Information move into computer in bytes or on multiple bytes which we call "words".


IMPORTANT characteristics of storage devices
-Speed Time
-Cost
-Capacity
-Type of Access

Software

Software is the instructor of the CPU.
It tells the computer what to do.

There are two types : System.ystem & Application Software
They differ of their uses.

Platform is defined by a processor and an operating system.
Some softwares can't be run on some platforms.

Computer System

Computer System

As I've learned, it has 3 works. "INPUT,PROCESS and OUTPUT"
It is with hardwares and softwares.

There are 3 types of Computer : DIGITAL,ANALOG and uhmm.. HYBRID
Digital Computers are divided into 4 groups : Micro, Mini,Mainframe and Super Computer.

Hardware Specs and System Requirements

I could describe hardware specs using a word : "CAPABILITY"
It is different to System Requirements

System Requirements is also hardware specs to be able to run a particular computer software but minimum.

That's all.. :)

4th Quarter

4th Quarter !!

Here I come..

At Last

At last,

We're finished ..

Thank you for reading ..

And Thanks also to Sir Tomas ...

Goodbye !! :D :D

Macros

Hmm..

Macros are used to format a cell using specific keys.

Just record it.. Then, when you pressed the key you assigned,

The selected cell will change the format to what you have recorded..

That's all..

Charts

There are diff. types of charts.
Some of them are :

Column Chart - useful for showing data
changes over a period of time or
for illustrating comparisons among
items.

Pie Chart - show the size of items in one
data series, proportional to the
sum of the items.

Line Chart - display continuous data over time.
Bar Chart - illustrate comparisons among individual items.

Area Chart - emphasize the magnitude of
change over time.


To use charts, go to the Insert option ..

Next : Macros

Conditional Formatting

This applies unique cell formatting based on a certain condition by using a rule.

Adding a new rule means adding a formula that contains a condition and add new formatting.

For example : =A1="FAILED"
          The formula will result to TRUE or FALSE.

If that formula is true or false, the format to be set will be applied to the cell.

Next up : Charts

IF Function

The function IF

          -returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE, and another value if that condition evaluates to FALSE.

This is the syntax :

          IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

For example :
          =IF(K9>=75,"PASSED","FAILED")


That's all ..



Next : Conditional Formatting

Logical Operations

There are 3 logical operators..

AND,OR and NOT 

Function :

=AND( logical1, logical2, … )
=OR( logical1, logical2, … )

=NOT( logical)

Only that :)

Next : The IF

Cell Reference

Cell Reference

A9 – single cell
A9,A15 – cell A9 and cell A15
A9:A15 – range from A9 to A15 (same column)
A9:Z9 – range from A9 to Z9 (same row)
A9:Z19 – range from columns A to Z and rows 10 through 20

There are also reference types..

Relative - automatically changes when the
formula is copied down a column or
across a row

Absolute - cell reference is fixed, doesn’t
change when copied to other cells.
Uses $ sign like: $A$2

Mixed - has either an absolute column and
a relative row, or an absolute row and a
relative column.
Like A$4 or $A4 


You can refer to another sheet or workbook, too

Same file

– Manual selection
– Use a formula
          Ex: Sheet2!A1

Different file
– Manual selection
– Use a formula
          Ex: [File2.xlsx]Sheet1!$A$1


Next up : Logical Operations

Functions and Formulas

Hello....
Functions and Formulas/Formulae ... Hmmm..


Let's start..

Formula
          * an expression used to perform calculations
          * always begin with an equal ( = ) sign
          * it may contain constants, cell references, ranges,etc.

For example :
         =A1+A2
         =A4*A5

Next,

Function
          * predefined formula
          * may require arguments as inputs

Example :
          =SUM(A1,A2)
          =PRODUCT(10,5)

There are some errors sometimes you will notice,
Some are :
          ####
          #NAME?
          #NULL!


Next : Cell Reference

Spreadsheet for Data Analysis

Hi .. Everyone ..

We are now about to discuss how MS Excel is used..

~~Tendeden!!~~

Okay ..

What is MS Excel ?

It is a spreadsheet app which is used to organize some data..

An Excel file is called a workbook.

Worksheet is the page where you work.

The cells are the places which you put the data ..

It is arranged in rows and columns

The Column/Row Heading is used to identify a cell's position on the worksheet.

The name box holds a cell's selected reference number.

In Excel, there are some shortcuts like :

Alt + Enter

Alt + ;

Alt + :

Data type is a standardized representation for a particular kind of data.

Some examples are :

893,392,458,155,717.6808

June 14,2001

True

False

Finished ...

Next : Discussion about Functions and Formulas :)

Introduction

Hi.. Guys

I'm here to introduce you to the topics in the 3rd quarter...

Starting from Spreadsheet for Data Analysis.

Then, Functions and Formula.

Then, Cell Reference.

Then, Logical Operation.

Then, the IF.

Then, Conditional Formatting.

Then, Charts.

And finally, Macros.

Next : Discussion on Spreadsheet for Data Analysis..